Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 - 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution, leading campaigns including the 1796-1797 Italian campaign and the 1798 Egyptian expedition. He seized power in the Coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799, becoming First Consul of the French Republic, and crowned himself Emperor of the French on 18 May 1804, also serving as King of Italy and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine. He fought a series of wars against coalitions of European powers, invaded Russia in 1812, and was forced to abdicate in April 1814 after military defeat, being exiled to Elba; he returned to power for the Hundred Days in 1815 before his final defeat at Waterloo. He spent his last years in exile on the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died of stomach cancer.