Mexico is a federal presidential republic in North America, governed since 1917 under a constitution written during the Mexican Revolution to replace the long dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz. Independence from Spain, declared in 1810 and achieved in 1821, is the country's earlier and separate founding as a sovereign state, but the federal, presidential structure of Mexican government today dates specifically to the revolutionary constitution rather than to independence itself.
Facts
Founding Year1917 is the promulgation of the Constitution of Mexico, 5 February 1917, the product of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1920 against Porfirio Diaz's long dictatorship, and it remains, as amended, the country's governing constitution today. It is offered as the founding of the federal, presidential government presently in place, not of Mexican sovereignty, which dates from independence from Spain, declared in 1810 and achieved in 1821; the intervening century included an empire, an earlier federal republic, foreign intervention and the Diaz dictatorship the 1917 constitution was written to replace, a discontinuity this atlas treats the same way it treats Russia's 1917 revolution and 1991 succession as milestones distinct from the country's earlier and separate founding as a sovereign state. Classification
Freedom Status Mexico
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Associated With
Constitution of Mexico, adopted 1917, the current constitutional order of Mexico.
Source Constitution of Mexico (Wikipedia)
Source Institutional Revolutionary Party (Wikipedia)
This source names Mexico directly: "Britannica country overview of Mexico, covering independence from Spain, the Mexican Revolution and the Constitution of 1917."
Source Mexico (Britannica)
Mexico operates a presidential system with a popularly elected president as both head of state and government.
Source President, Government Official (Britannica)
Governed By
Source Claudia Sheinbaum (Wikipedia)
Practices
Source Mexico (Britannica)
Source Mexico (Britannica)
Shaped By
Source Mexico (Britannica)
In the Other Atlases
Discusses
Also in History Atlas: which this subject discusses.
Source Wikipedia: Jose Lopez Portillotier 2
Has Member
Also in Economics Atlas: a member of this subject.
Also in Economics Atlas: a member of this subject.
Sources
1. Freedom House: Mexico (Freedom in the World 2025)
Freedom HouseOverview, Global Freedom Score 58/100 (partly free)Quote, Overview, Global Freedom Score 58/100 (partly free)
Mexico has been an electoral democracy since 2000 and power has alternated between parties at both the federal and state levels, though the left-leaning National Regeneration Movement (Morena) has grown dominant in recent years.
2. Mexico (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Claudia Sheinbaum (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationGoverned By: Sheinbaum Administration, Lead section, opening sentenceQuote, Governed By: Sheinbaum Administration, Lead section, opening sentence
Mexican politician, energy and climate change scientist, and academic who has been serving as the 66th president of Mexico since 2024.
Institutional Revolutionary Party (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Institutional Revolutionary Party, Lead sectionQuote, Associated With: Institutional Revolutionary Party, Lead section
is a political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929
National Regeneration Movement (CIA World Factbook archive, Mexico)
Encompasses: National Regeneration Movement, Government: partiesQuote, Encompasses: National Regeneration Movement, Government: parties
National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) (236); Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) (77); National Action Party (PAN) (72); Labour Party (PT) (51); Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) (35); Citizens' Movement (MC) (27); Other (2)
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