This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.
The Quran does not leave shura as an implication for scholars to argue over; it names the principle directly, twice. Surah 42, titled Ash-Shura, tells believers that they conduct their affairs by mutual consultation among themselves, framing collective counsel as a mark of the community's character rather than an optional courtesy. Surah 3:159 goes further and points the instruction at Muhammad himself, advising him to take counsel with his companions even though he held final authority among them; the passage does not say a leader may consult, it says he should. A third reference, surah 2:233, applies the same principle to something as ordinary as two divorced parents deciding together how to wean a child, which is the detail that keeps shura from reading as a purely constitutional doctrine. It is offered as a habit of decision-making that scales from a household to a caliphate, the same mutual counsel asked of two parents and of a ruler with an empire to run.