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Political Mechanism

Veto

Checks, Balances and Institutional Oversight

A veto is the power held by an executive, an upper chamber, or, in some international bodies, a single member state, to unilaterally block or reject a decision a legislative body has already approved, without needing to defeat it by ordinary vote. Its forms vary: an outright veto that a legislative supermajority can sometimes override, a pocket veto exercised through inaction, and a legislative veto by which a legislature reserves the power to disapprove an executive action after the fact. The mechanism dates at least to the Roman tribunes' power to block acts of the Senate, and survives today in institutions from national presidencies to the United Nations Security Council's permanent members.

Facts
Origin Year
494 BCE 1
Sourced to the subject's own accountThe Roman tribunate was created around 494 BC after the First Secession of the Plebs; its veto power (ius intercessionis) was acquired by 449 BC and matured further when plebiscites gained full legislative force in 287 BC.
Founding ContextSourced to the subject's own account
Traces to the Roman tribunes of the plebs, whose office was created in 494 BC to give plebeians direct representation; the tribunes' power of intercessio (veto) over the acts of Roman magistrates was well established by 449 BC. 1
Connections

Associated With

China, Countries

China is one of the five permanent, veto-holding members of the UN Security Council.

Source UNRV Roman History: Tribunes of the Plebs
France, Countries

France is one of the five permanent, veto-holding members of the UN Security Council.

Source UNRV Roman History: Tribunes of the Plebs
Russia, Countries

Russia is one of the five permanent, veto-holding members of the UN Security Council.

Source UNRV Roman History: Tribunes of the Plebs

The United Kingdom is one of the five permanent, veto-holding members of the UN Security Council.

Source UNRV Roman History: Tribunes of the Plebs
United Nations, Institutions

The veto power held by the UN Security Council's five permanent members is the mechanism's best-known present-day international example.

The veto held by the Security Council's five permanent members is the paradigm modern instance of this mechanism.

Source United Nations (Wikipedia)

Practiced By

Brazil, Countries
Source Veto (Wikipedia)
Sources
1. UNRV Roman History: Tribunes of the Plebs
UNRV Roman History
  • Tribunes of the Plebs
    By 449 BC, the powerful right of intercession was acquired (ius intercessionis, or to veto any act or proposal of any magistrate).
  • main body, second paragraph
    By 449 BC, the powerful right of intercession was acquired (ius intercessionis...)
View the Source
Veto (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaView the Source
United Nations (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: United Nations Security CouncilView the Source
Veto (Wikipedia)
  • Practiced By: Brazil, Article text
    Brazil: The President of the Republic is entitled to veto, entirely or partially, any bill which passes both houses of the National Congress, exceptions made to constitutional amendments and congressional decrees.
  • In Group: Constitutional Checks on Executive and Legislative Power, Lead paragraph
    A veto is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action.
View the Source

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