Italy

This source names Italy directly: "and later spread to Germany, Italy, South Korea and many other countries as an alternative to judicial review by an ordinary supreme court."

This source names Italy directly: "The term covers both the authoritarian corporatism of Fascist Italy and Estado Novo Portugal, in which the state suppressed independent labor organizing and imposed the corporate structure from..."

This source names Italy directly: "ideology and movement that emerged in Italy under Benito Mussolini, who became prime minister in 1922, establishing the first fascist state in Europe."

This source names Italy directly: "Britannica's reference entry on Italy, used here for the country's unification and constitutional history."

This source names Italy directly: "Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States, on 4 April 1949 at the Departmental Auditorium in Washington, D.C."

Italy adopted a modified constituency-based party-list system to reduce the number of parties.

Italy is named among PR-using countries and discussed further in the article's trends section.

This source names Italy directly: "on 18 April 1951 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany, and in force from 23 July 1952 until its fifty-year term expired on 23 July 2002, this treaty established..."

Mussolini's Fascist dictatorship, 1922 to 1943, and its collapse in the Second World War directly shaped the postwar Italian Republic's 1948 constitution, deliberately designed with a weak executive and a highly fragmented, proportional electoral system to prevent the recurrence of one-man rule.