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North Atlantic Treaty
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The founding treaty of NATO, signed by twelve founding members, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States, on 4 April 1949 at the Departmental Auditorium in Washington, D.C., committing signatories to collective defence under Article 5.
Facts
Key ProvisionSigned in Washington on 4 April 1949, it established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization among the United States, Canada and ten Western European states. Article 5 declares that an armed attack against one or more of the parties in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all, committing each to take such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain security; Article 4 provides for consultation among members whenever any party's territorial integrity, political independence or security is threatened. It has been invoked under Article 5 only once, after the 11 September 2001 attacks on the United States. 1 Cross-Tradition Connections
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This source names France directly: "members, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States, on 4 April 1949 at the Departmental Auditorium in..."
This source names Italy directly: "Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States, on 4 April 1949 at the Departmental Auditorium in Washington, D.C."
Marshall Plan, Documents Together the military alliance this treaty founded and the economic aid the Marshall Plan provided formed the two pillars of early US Cold War strategy toward Western Europe.
This source names United Kingdom directly: "the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States, on 4 April 1949 at the Departmental Auditorium in Washington, D.C., committing signatories to collective defence under..."
This source names United States directly: "Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States, on 4 April 1949 at the Departmental Auditorium in Washington, D.C., committing signatories to collective defence under Article 5."
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