Andorra

Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a landlocked microstate in the eastern Pyrenees in southwestern Europe, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, it was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988, when it passed to the Diocese of Urgell, and it was formed as a polity by a charter in 1278, a lordship within the Principality of Catalonia until 1715. It is headed by two co-princes, the Bishop of Urgell and the president of France. With 468 square kilometres and about 90,000 people it is the largest of the European microstates, its capital Andorra la Vella is the highest capital city in Europe, Catalan is the sole official language, and it has belonged to the Council of Europe and the United Nations since 1993 without being a member of the European Union.