The Constitution of Ireland is the fundamental law of Ireland, asserting the national sovereignty of the Irish people and guaranteeing fundamental rights alongside a popularly elected non-executive president, a bicameral parliament, a separation of powers and judicial review. It is the second constitution of the Irish state since independence, replacing the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State, and came into force on 29 December 1937 following a statewide plebiscite held on 1 July 1937. It may be amended solely by national referendum and is the longest continually operating republican constitution within the European Union.
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