The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey was ratified on 7 November 1982 and took effect two days later, drafted during the military-junta period that began with the 1980 coup and approved by referendum, replacing the 1961 constitution. It has been amended 21 times, three by referendum in 2007, 2010 and 2017, with the 2017 vote converting the country's system of government from parliamentary to presidential and altering 117 of the document's original 177 articles by 2017.
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