Pope Leo XIII

Pope from 1878 to 1903 whose 1891 encyclical Rerum Novarum founded modern Catholic social teaching on labor and property, defending workers' right to organize and private ownership as a natural right while rejecting both socialism's abolition of property and the cruelty of unrestrained market speculation, a doctrine later corporatist movements across Catholic Europe and Latin America drew on directly. He died in 1903.