Ptolemy X Alexander I

Ptolemy X Alexander I was a Ptolemaic king who ruled Cyprus from 114 BC to 107 BC and Egypt from 107 BC until 88 BC. Born Alexander, he was the second son of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III and the younger brother of Ptolemy IX. He was sent to govern Cyprus while his elder brother shared the throne in Egypt, and around 114 to 113 BC he proclaimed himself king of the island in open opposition to his brother. In 107 BC his mother Cleopatra III brought him to Alexandria to replace Ptolemy IX as her co-regent, and he ruled beside her until 101 BC, when he had her killed. He then married his niece Berenice III and made her co-regent. His reign was filled with conflict with Ptolemy IX, including a war fought in the Hasmonean kingdom in 103 to 102 BC, and with an Upper Egyptian uprising from 91 BC that cost the Ptolemies the south of the country. In 88 BC the Alexandrians and the army expelled him, and he was killed while trying to retake Cyprus with a force raised with Roman help.