Sukarno

Led the Indonesian independence movement against Dutch colonial rule and served as Indonesia's first president, from 1945 (internationally recognised in 1949) until 1966. He articulated Pancasila, the country's foundational state philosophy, in a June 1945 speech to the committee preparing Indonesian independence. He moved in his later years from parliamentary democracy toward an authoritarian Guided Democracy, and was eased from power by the military under Suharto in 1966.