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How Power Is Arranged
Political Mechanisms

Separation of Powers

Also Known As Trias Politica

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Separation of powers is the principle that a government's legislative, executive, and judicial functions should be held by separate bodies so that no one branch can dominate the others. The French philosopher Montesquieu gave the idea its most influential statement, building on earlier ideas from Aristotle and John Locke.

Facts
Origin Year
1748 1
Year Montesquieu published The Spirit of the Laws, his systematic statement of the theory; earlier thinkers had discussed dividing governmental functions before this.
Founding Context
Given systematic theoretical form by Montesquieu in his 1748 The Spirit of the Laws, drawing on John Locke's earlier distinction between legislative and executive power, and put into written constitutional design for the first time by the United States Constitution of 1787. 2
Cross-Tradition Connections

Advocated By

Associated With

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy states Montesquieu's doctrine had an enormous impact on the framers of the US Constitution.

Influenced

Influenced By

Sources
1. Montesquieu (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaView the Source
2. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Montesquieu
Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyMontesquieu entry, The Spirit of the Laws XI.4
Quote, Montesquieu entry, The Spirit of the Laws XI.4
it is necessary from the very nature of things that power should be a check to power
View the Source
Separation of Powers under the United States Constitution (Wikipedia)
WikipediaAssociated With: Checks and BalancesView the Source
President, Government Official (Britannica)
Encyclopaedia BritannicaAssociated With: Presidential SystemView the Source
A More Perfect Union (National Archives)
U.S. National ArchivesInfluenced By: United States ConstitutionView the Source
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